Sacred Bundles of the Ioway Indians: Table of Contents
DANG IT, READ THIS! Once again (since so many
Internet readers refuse to read fine print), this Table of Contents is from the
original printed version of my thesis. The Table of Contents with page numbers
is given here to help scholars compare this online version with the original
thesis. This online version follows the same format but the page numbers are not
used. The content is the same or even expanded here, and is free. Feel
free to print it all out for you personal use. Print...Print like the
wind!
If you really need the page numbers, original
format, etc. (as some scholars do), the cost will be $75 (which includes a
binder and postage). Email me at ioway@earthlink.net for details. In other words, the content of this site is
FREE and a gift in the name of the Old People... but if you are going to make me
wait in line at Kinko's and stand in front of a copy machine for an hour, and
then stand in line at the post office, you gotta pay! hehe (I hate making
photocopies.. the flashing lights really annoy me!)
(Ignore the page numbers, as those apply to
the original printed version)
________________
LIST OF FIGURES and LIST OF TABLES [see this page,
below]
ORTHOGRAPHY (How Ioway words are spelled and pronounced) and
Preface
CHAPTER 1.
INTRODUCTION
The study of sacred bundles
1
Statement of Purpose 3
Objective of the study 3
Plan of Presentation
5
Chapter topics 5
CHAPTER 2. LITERATURE AND
MUSEUM SEARCH
Literature Search 7
Sacred
bundles 7
The Ioway in the literature 8
Museum Search 9
Museums with
Ioway collections 9
CHAPTER 3. THE IOWAY:
HISTORICAL AND CULTURAL CONTEXT
Ioway Origins
12
The Oneota 12
Sacred stories 16
Ioway ethnohistory 23
Ioway
culture 29
Religious concepts 29
Social organization 32
Material
culture 35
CHAPTER 4. IOWAY SACRED BUNDLES IN CONTEXT
The Sacred Bundles of the Ioway 39
The
Ioway and sacred bundles 39
Typology and etics, taxonomy and emics
39
Hamilton and the Ioway bundles 40
Pipes in Historical Context
43
Archaeological antecedents 43
Early accounts of Ioway pipes 44 [Chapter
4: pages 39-51, click here]
Skinner and Ioway sacred pipes 52
Pipe
Dance, or Calumet Dance 59
War and War Bundles in Historical Context
61
Early accounts of war and the war bundles 61 [Chapter 4: pages 52-63,
click here]
Hamilton's descriptions of Ioway warfare 64
Irvin and
the Waw-Ru-Haw-a 68 [Chapter 4: pages 64-73, click here]
Skinner: War
and the warbundles 74
The "Ghost Bundle" or oath bundle 80
Scalps and
scalplocks 81
Red Medicine Dance 82
Placement of bundles 83 [Chapter 4:
pages 74-84, click here]
Doctoring in Historical Context 85
Early
accounts of doctoring 85
Illness etiology 90
Treatment of illness
91
The Buffalo Doctors 92 [Chapter 4: pages 85-94, click
here]
Buffalo Doctor society origins 95
Admittance to the Buffalo
Doctor society 98
The Buffalo Dance 99
Buffalo healing 101 [Chapter 4:
pages 95-102, click here]
Otter Dance, or Medicine Dance
103
Hanwahe Washi: The interaction of the Buffalo Doctors and the
Otter
Doctors 110
Witchcraft 112 [Chapter 4: pages 103-113, click
here]
Lineage and power transference in Ioway societies
114
Tattooing Bundles in Historical Context 116
Early accounts of Ioway
tattooing 116
The tattooing data of Skinner and Harrington 119 [Chapter 4:
pages 114-125, click here]
Miscellaneous Medicines and Bundles
126
Love and hunting medicines 126
The Decline of the Bundle System
126
The expense of bundles 126
The role of peyotism 127
Requiem
[Chapter 4: 126-129, click here]
CHAPTER 5. SACRED BUNDLES AT
THE MILWAUKEE PUBLIC
MUSEUM 130
Alanson B. Skinner: A Biographical
Sketch 130
Alanson Skinner (1885-1925) 130
Skinner's contributions to
anthropology 130
Historiography and Resolving Contradictions in the
Collection 132
Skinner's data and informants 132
Skinner's correspondence
133
Problems with the collection 133
Resolving the problems through
historiography 134
Method of presentation of the collection 135
Collecting
in 1922 (Part 1): Catalog and Description 136
(iv)
Preparations 136
Collecting in Oklahoma in May
139 [Chapter 5: pages 130-141, click here]
Cow Buffalo Clan pipe
(30132-30135) [M1] 142
Pigeon Clan pipe (30136-30140) [M2] 147 [Chapter 5:
pages 142-151, click here]
Sacred pipe (clan uncertain) (30141-30143)
[M3] 152
Buffalo pipe of the Missouri tribe (30144-30147) 159
Medicine
Dance bags 160
Buffalo Doctor woven bags (30156, 30157) 161 [Chapter 5: pages
152-161, click here]
Collecting in 1922 (Part 2): Catalog and
Description 162
Return to Milwaukee 162
Oklahoma again 164
Wolf Clan
pipe (30532-30533) [M4] 171 [Chapter 5: pages 162-173, click
here]
Male Buffalo Clan pipe (30534-30537) [M5] 174
Black Bear Clan
pipe (30538-30539) [M6] 178 [Chapter 5: pages 174-185, click
here]
Black Bear clan chief's pipe (30540) 186
Medicine Dance bags
(30541-30551) 186
Mescal bean necklace (30555) 192
Doctoring implements
(30581-30584) 193
Wolf clan chief's pipe (30596) 194
Love and gambling
medicine bundle (30610-30612) 194 [Chapter 5: pages 186-196, click
here]
Tattooing bundle (Wolf clan) (30614-30627) [M7] 197
Buffalo
doctor's bundle (30628-30630) [M8] 199
Buffalo doctor's bundle (30631-30636)
[M9] 200
Unnamed bundle (Buffalo doctor's) (30637-30642) [M10] 201
Buffalo
doctor's bundle (30643-30655) [M11] 202
Buffalo robes (30656-30657)
205
Grizzly bear doctor's bundle (30658-30660) 206
Fall 1992: Interlude
207
Return to Milwaukee 207 [Chapter 5: pages 197-208, click
here]
Collecting in 1923: Catalog and Description 209
Trips to
Oklahoma, Missouri, and Nebraska 209
Owl Clan pipe (31491) [M12]
212
Unidentified clan pipe (Thunder?) (31492) [M13] 214
Pipe Dance outfit
(31493-31500) 216 [Chapter 5: pages 209-216, click here]
Thunder Clan
war bundle (31501-31513) [M14] 217
War bundle (31514-31532) [M15] 223
War
bundle (31533-31543) [M16] 228
War bundle (31544-31551) [M17] 229 [Chapter 5:
pages 217-229, click here]
Tattooing bundle (Black Bear Clan)
(31552-31564) [M18] 231
Buffalo doctor's bundle (31565-31575) [M19]
237
Buffalo doctor's bundle (31576-31582) [M20] 240 [Chapter 5: pages
230-239, click here]
Buffalo doctor's bundle (31583-31594) [M21]
242
Buffalo doctor's bundle (31738-31742) [M22] 245
Buffalo doctor's
bundle (31743-31752) [M23] 246 [Chapter 5: pages 240-248, click
here]
Epilogue 249
Correspondence and comments 249 [Chapter 5:
pages 249-252, click here]
(v)
CHAPTER 6. SACRED BUNDLES AT THE MUSEUM OF THE
AMERICAN INDIAN 253
M.R. Harrington and the
Field Notes 253
M.R. Harrington (1882-1971): A brief biography 253
The
field notes 253
Ioway Sacred Bundles at the Museum of the American Indian
254
Arrangement of the data 254
Wanathunje's scalping bundle, or Big War
Bundle [H1] 255
War bundles (otter club bundle and otter skin bundle) [H2]
261 [Chapter 6: pages 253-264, click here]
"Cow bundle" [H3]
265
Wathe bundle [H4] 266
Buffalo doctor bundle [H5] 270
Buffalo doctor
bundle [H6] 271
Buffalo doctor bundle [H7] 271
Buffalo doctor bundle [H8]
271
Buffalo doctor bundles (2) [H9] 272 [Chapter 6: pages 265-272, click
here]
Tattooing bundle [H10] 273
Red Medicine bundle [H11]
276
Love medicine bundle 281
Witch bundle 281
Symbolism and the Peyote
Road 281 [Chapter 6: pages 273-282, click here]
CHAPTER 7.
ELEMENTS AND SYMBOLISM IN IOWAY SACRED
BUNDLES 283
Elements in Ioway
Bundles 283
Occurrence of elements in Ioway bundles 283
Interpretation of
results 285
Thoughts on Symbolism 286
Power and metaphor 286
Animals,
plants, and power 287
Sweetgrass and spirits 287
Clubs, thunder, and
authority 288
Carolina paroquet 289
Woodpeckers and war 290
Non-native
items in bundles, time frames, and final comments 290 [Chapter 7: pages 283-292,
click here]
CHAPTER 8. TOWARD A TAXONOMY OF IOWAY SACRED
BUNDLES 293
Taxonomies and Typologies: The Historical Data
293
Taxonomy or typology 293
A comparison of historical taxonomies
294
Hamilton's taxonomy (ca. 1848) 295
Dorsey's taxonomy (1894)
295
Skinner's first taxonomy (1915) 296
Skinner's second taxonomy (1925)
297
Skinner's bundle typology (1926) 298
(vi)
Harrington's typology (1910) 299
Comparison
results 300
Constructing a Taxonomy 301
Method of construction 301
[Chapter 8: pages 293-301, click here]
The etic view: Bundle content
assemblages 302
Results of assemblage examination 302 [Chapter 8: pages
302-311, click here]
Bundle types and their attributes 312
Emic
testing: Linguistic evidence 313
lahnuwe waxonyitan 313
oyu
314
waluxawe 314
wach'e and wathe (wathu) waluxawe 315
che waluxawe 319
[Chapter 8: pages 312-320, click here]
wangegihi waluxawe (?)
321
manka shuje waluxawe 322
hinage manka 322
naxowe waluxawe
323
iyunke waluxawe 324
wiglexe 324
wanaxi oyu 324
ta waluxawe
325
Suggested linguistic taxonomy of bundles 325 [Chapter 8: pages 321-326,
click here]
CHAPTER 9. CONCLUSIONS 327
Last Thoughts
on Bundles 327
Bundles, the clans, and NAGPRA 327
Transformation processes
in the museum 330
Suggested directions for future research
331
Archaeological implications of bundles 331
Material Culture, Language,
and Ethnicity 333
The importance of clan in future studies 333
Symbolism,
similarities, and diffusion 335
The study and Ioway of today 336
Final
comments on Ioway language and worldview 337 [Chapter 9: pages 327-337, click
here]
REFERENCES CITED 338
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 348 [For
references cited and acknowledgements, click here]
APPENDIX:
GLOSSARY OF IOWAY TERMS 350 [For the Glossary, click
here]
(vii)
LIST OF FIGURES [NOTE! These have not yet been
scanned and are not yet on the website]
Figure 3.1: Classic Oneota and related sites (After
Glenn 1974: 24) 14
Figure 3.2: Ioway clan organization 33
Figure
4.1: No Heart (1837 painting by Charles Bird King) 48
(Horan 1972:
313)
Figure 4.2: Walking Rain (1837 painting by Charles Bird King)
49
(Horan 1972: 314)
Figure 4.3: Much Deer Meat (1837 painting by
Charles Bird King) 50
(Horan 1972: 316)
Figure 4.4: No Heart (ca. 1830
painting by George Catlin) 53
(Catlin 1973 (II): Plate 129)
Figure
4.5: Man of Sense (ca. 1830 painting by George Catlin) 54
(Catlin 1973 (II):
Plate 130)
Figure 4.6: Warbundle; (a) covered, (b) on post, (c) warbundle
70
(After Irvin 1871)
Figure 4.7: Grave post pictographs (numbers in
original) 72
(After Irvin 1871)
Figure 4.8: Grizzly Bear Doctor; shown
with grizzly paw armband 93
(MPM 30658), rawhide rattle (MPM 30659), and
grizzly
head skin cap (MPM 30660)
Figure 4.9: (a) Bundle of sticks
representing horses given away, and 118
(b) pokadache (or "krakra" mark) on
girl
(After Green, in Jensen 1988: 180, fig. 8)
Figure 4.10: Tattoo
designs on Ioway men and women 124
(After sketches by M.R. Harrington
(n.d.))
Figure 5.1: Buffalo clan pipestems [M1]; 30135: (a) above, (b)
below; 144
30133: (c) above, (d) below
Figure 5.2: Pigeon clan pipe
[M2]; (a) 30137 and 30138: stem and bowl 149
(b) 30138: bowl
Figure
5.3: Unidentified clan pipe [M3]; (a) 30142 and 30143: stem and 154
bowl; (b)
30143: bowl
(viii)
Figure 5.4: Wolf clan pipe [M4]; (a) 30532a-b: stem
and bowl; 172
(b) 30532b: bowl
Figure 5.5: Male Buffalo clan pipe
[M5]; 30536a: stem, (a) above, 175
(b) below; (c) 30536b: bowl; (d) 30536a-b:
stem and bowl
Figure 5.6: Black Bear clan pipe [M6]; (a) 30538a-b: stem
and bowl; 179
(b) 30538b: bowl
Figure 5.7: Black Bear clan chief's
pipestem (30540) 187
Figure 5.8: Wolf clan chief's pipe; (a) 30596a:
stem; (b) 30596b: bowl; 195
(c) 30596a-b: stem and bowl
Figure 5.9:
Owl clan pipestem [M12]; 31491: (a) below, (b) above 213
Figure 5.10:
Unidentified (Thunder?) clan pipe [M13]; (a) 31492a-b: 215
stem and bowl; (b)
31492b: bowl
Figure 5.11: Warbundles; (a) Wanathunje's scalping bundle
[H1] 218
(2/7814) [wach'e waluxawe]; (b) Thunder clan warbundle
[M14]
(31501), [wathe waluxawe]
Figure 5.12: Items from tattooing bundles; (a)
mat case (31552); 232
(b) tattooing needle (31553); (c) tattooing needle
(30622a);
(d) charred willow stick (30618); (e) cane and willow stamps
(31559a-d); (f) woven bag (31556)
Figure 6.1: Otter celtiform warclub
(2/3877) 262
Figure 8.1: Taxonomy of bundles 326
(ix)
LIST OF TABLES
Table 7.1: Occurrence of elements in Ioway bundles
284
Table 8.1: Diagnostic trait comparisons in bundles 303
Table
8.2: Warbundle comparison 316
Table 9.1: Bundles and the clan system
328
(x)
Table of Contents
Orthography
Chapters
1 : 2 : 3 : 4 : 5 : 6 : 7 : 8 : 9
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